The game of baseball developed in the nineteenth century and became, along with hot dogs and apple pie, a classic element of American culture. Although the state of Arkansas has never been home to any major league team, Arkansas has contributed in many ways to the sport and its professional roster. While some players from other places developed and improved their skills as college or minor league baseball players in Arkansas (playing for teams such as the Arkansas Razorbacks or the Arkansas Travelers), as of the 2012 baseball season, 150 major league baseball players were born in Arkansas.

Earliest Players and Newest Players
Chick Carroll is the earliest major league player born in Arkansas. Carroll played outfield in four games for the Washington (DC) Nationals baseball team in 1884 when he was eighteen years old. Carroll’s birthday and birthplace are not known (his birthplace is listed only as “Arkansas”), and he died in Chicago, Illinois, on July 13, 1908. The youngest player in the American League during both the 1916 and 1917 seasons was the Detroit Tigers’ Herbert “Babe” Ellison, born on November 15, 1895, in Rutland (Yell County).

Three major league players born in Arkansas debuted in the 2009 season. In July, Drew Sutton from El Dorado (Union County) began his major league career for the Cincinnati Reds. Playing both infield and outfield positions, he appeared in forty-two games and attained a batting average of .212. In September, infielder Brent Dlugach of Fort Smith (Sebastian County) appeared in three games for the Detroit Tigers. Also in September, Craig Gentry of Fort Smith played eleven games as an outfielder for the Texas Rangers and collected his first two major-league hits. Beginning his major league career on July 1, 2010, Travis Wood of Little Rock pitched in seventeen games for the Cincinnati Reds, winning five while losing four.

Hall of Fame Players from Arkansas
Six baseball players born in Arkansas have received baseball’s highest honor, being voted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Lou Brock, an outfielder who played nineteen seasons in the 1960s and 1970s (mostly with the St. Louis Cardinals) was born in El Dorado. Travis Jackson, an infielder who played fifteen seasons for the New York Giants in the twenties and thirties, was born in Waldo (Columbia County) and also died in Waldo. George Kell, another infielder, played fifteen seasons for five different teams in the 1940s and 1950s; he was born in Swifton (Jackson County). Brooks Robinson, born in Little Rock (Pulaski County), played third base twenty-three seasons for the Baltimore Orioles organization from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s. Joseph Floyd “Arky” Vaughan of Clifty (Madison County) played fourteen seasons—interrupted by his service in World War II—for the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Brooklyn Dodgers.

Perhaps the most colorful Hall of Fame player from Arkansas was pitcher Jay Hanna “Dizzy” Dean, who played seven seasons for the Cardinals and four more for the Chicago Cubs in the 1930s. Six years after he retired, Dean criticized the efforts of the St. Louis Browns players while he was working as a radio announcer for the team. Fan response forced Dean to back up his boast that he could outperform the current players. Dean pitched four innings for the Browns, allowing three hits and no runs. Dean was born in Lucas (Logan County); his younger brother Paul “Daffy” Dean, who pitched nine seasons for three different teams, was also born in Lucas.

Hall of Fame catcher Bill Dickey, who played seventeen seasons for the New York Yankees, was born in Bastrop, Louisiana, but grew up in Kensett (White County). Dickey was overshadowed by Yankee stars such as Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig, yet many of his fellow players considered him the most valuable player of the frequent world-champion New York team.

Many of these honored players were involved in the 1934 season, perhaps the one season that was most dominated by Arkansas natives. Dizzy and Daffy Dean both pitched for St. Louis that season and provided forty-nine of the Cardinals’ ninety-five victories. The Cardinals’ World Series opponent, the Detroit Tigers, featured pitcher Lynwood “Schoolboy” Rowe, who was born in Waco, Texas, but grew up in El Dorado. Rowe pitched fifteen seasons for three different teams in the 1930s and 1940s. Jackson, Vaughan, and Dickey all were in the midst of their successful careers that year, as was Chicago Cubs pitcher Lon Warneke, who was born in Mount Ida (Montgomery County) and was called “the Arkansas Hummingbird.” Warneke pitched fifteen seasons for the Cubs and the Cardinals. Five times an All-Star, Warneke retired with a career record of 192 wins and 121 losses. He later served as a judge in Mount Ida.

Rowe and Paul Dean faced each other in the sixth game of the 1934 World Series on October 8 of that year. Dean's Cardinals won the game 4 to 3. Two Arkansans would not take the mound against each other in a World Series for another seventy-five years. On November 2, 2009, in the fifth game of the World Series, Cliff Lee led the Philadelphia Phillies in an 8 to 6 victory over A. J. Burnett and the New York Yankees.

Short Major League Careers
Not every baseball player, though, can achieve the same success. Sid Benton, born in Buckner (Lafayette County), pitched in one game for the St. Louis Cardinals on April 18, 1922. Benton walked the only two batters he faced and never returned to the mound for a major league team. Joe Brown, born in Little Rock, pitched to three batters for the Chicago White Sox on May 17, 1927. Brown walked one batter and gave up two hits; all three players scored for the opposition. Brown also never had another chance to pitch for a major league team.

Otis Davis, born in Charleston (Franklin County), had a similarly short major league career. On April 22, 1946, batting for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Davis (known as “Scat”) was put in as a pinch runner. He never appeared again in the major leagues. On May 7, 1969, Leroy Reams, who was born in Pine Bluff (Jefferson County), struck out for the Philadelphia Phillies. He was traded to the Detroit Tigers before the 1970 season but never again left the minor leagues.

Notable Major League Careers
For most baseball players, success is neither spectacular enough to reach the Hall of Fame nor as brief as just one season. Wally Moon, born in Bay (Craighead County), was named Rookie of the Year in 1954, the same year that Hank Aaron began his major league career. Baseball legend has it that Moon was called to report to the minor league training camp that spring and accidentally reported to the major league camp instead. By the time the mistake was discovered, Moon had impressed the coaching staff sufficiently that he was invited to remain with the major league players. In a twelve-year career with the St. Louis Cardinals and the Los Angeles Dodgers, Moon played twice in the All-Star game and won one Golden Glove.

Johnny Sain also achieved remarkable success with two teams, the Boston Braves and the New York Yankees. Sain was born in Havana (Yell County). In eleven seasons in the 1940s and 1950s, he won 139 games, including twenty-four for the Braves in 1948, when he started thirty-nine games and completed twenty-eight, leading the league in all three categories. (His teammate, Warren Spahn, won fifteen games that year, causing some sports writers to use the expression, “Spahn and Sain and pray for rain,” to describe the Braves’ pitching staff.) In 1954, Sain led the American League in saves with twenty-two. Sain was named to the All-Star team three times. His career batting average was .245, unusually high for a pitcher. Sain also holds a 3–1 record in World Series games.

Willie Davis from Mineral Springs (Howard County) played eighteen seasons in the outfield in the 1960s and 1970s, mostly for the Los Angeles Dodgers, and won two Golden Gloves during those years. He ranks high on the major league charts for hits (2,561), stolen bases (398), and triples (138). Taylor Douthit, who was born in Little Rock, played eleven seasons for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Cincinnati Reds in the 1920s and early 1930s. Known for his defense, he set a record in 1928 for center fielders by getting out 547 batters. Douthit also led the league in 1928 in another category, being hit by pitches ten times.

Alex Johnson from Helena (Phillips County) led the league in batting in 1970 as a player for the California Angels, when he hit .329. He completed thirteen seasons with eight different teams in his career in the 1960s and 1970s. Ellis Kinder, born in Atkins (Pope County), played in twelve major league seasons in the 1940s and 1950s and set the American League record in 1953 for most appearances without a complete game (sixty-nine), saving twenty-seven games that year. Sherm Lollar played eighteen seasons for the Chicago White Sox and for three other teams from the mid-1940s into the 1960s; born in Durham (Washington County), he was named to the All Star team seven times and earned three Golden Gloves.

Catcher Hal Smith from Barling (Sebastian County) played seven seasons for the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1950s and 1960s and was once named an All Star. Kevin McReynolds from Little Rock played twelve seasons for the San Diego Padres, New York Mets, and Kansas City Royals in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1988, he set a major league record by stealing twenty-one bases without being caught. Lloyd Moseby, who was born in Portland (Ashland County), played twelve seasons in the 1980s and early 1990s, ten for the Toronto Blue Jays, and was on the 1986 All Star team. Glenn Myatt of Argenta (now North Little Rock in Pulaski County) played seventeen seasons in the 1920s and 1930s, mostly with the Cleveland Indians, as a catcher. He retired after playing in 1,004 games.

Other Arkansans with significant major league careers are Jim King from Elkins (Washington County), who played eleven seasons for six teams in the 1950s and 1960s; Tommy McCraw, born in Malvern (Hot Spring County), who played thirteen seasons for five teams in the 1960s and 1970s; Walter Schmidt of Coal Hill (Johnson County), who played ten seasons (nine for the Pittsburgh Pirates) in the 1910s and 1920s; Earl Smith, born in Hot Springs (Garland County), who played twelve seasons for four teams mostly in the 1920s; Jerry Turner from Texarkana (Miller County), who played ten seasons, mostly for the Padres in the 1970s and 1980s; and Aaron Ward of Booneville (Logan County), who played twelve seasons, mostly for the New York Yankees in the late 1910s and 1920s.

Dick Hughes, who was born in Stephens (Ouachita County), played only three seasons, but won sixteen games for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1967. Pitcher Clyde Henry Day—nicknamed “Pea Ridge” Day because he was born in that town—pitched forty-six games over four seasons in a seven-year span for three different teams in the 1920s, winning five games and losing seven.

Unusual Stories
Glenn Abbott played eleven years for the Oakland Athletics, Seattle Mariners, and Detroit Tigers in the 1970s and 1980s. Abbott was born in Little Rock. On September 28, 1975, he was one of four pitchers to combine for a no-hit performance. Manager Alvin Dark removed starter Vida Blue after the fifth inning—a rare move when a pitcher is holding opponents hitless—and had Abbott pitch the sixth inning. Paul Lindblad pitched the seventh inning, and Rollie Fingers finished the game, marking the first time four pitchers ever combined for a no-hit major league game.

Another unusual game included Randy Jackson from Little Rock, who played ten seasons in the 1950s, mostly for the Chicago Cubs. On June 29, 1956, he was playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers against the Philadelphia Phillies, who were leading 5–2 going into the bottom of the ninth inning. Deke Snider preceded Jackson with a home run, which brought the game to 5–4. Jackson then hit a home run to tie the game, and on the next pitch, Gil Hodges hit another home run to win the game for the Dodgers. This was the only time in major league history that a baseball game ended with three consecutive home runs.

Outfielder Rick Monday, born in Batesville (Independence County), played nineteen seasons for four different teams from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s. On April 25, 1976, while playing in the outfield for the Chicago Cubs against the Dodgers in Los Angeles, Monday saw two spectators leave the stands and attempt to burn an American flag in the outfield. Monday raced to the spot and took the flag away before it was ignited. A month later, the rescued flag was presented to Monday by officials from the Los Angeles team. The Cubs traded Monday to the Dodgers after that season, and he played in the World Series three times for the Dodgers.

Ray Powell, born in Siloam Springs (Benton County), played nine seasons in the 1910s and 1920s, mostly for the Boston Braves. An outfielder, he led the National League in strike-outs in both the 1919 and 1921 seasons. Gene Stephens from Gravette (Benton County) played twelve seasons in the 1950s and 1960s, eight for the Boston Red Sox. On June 18, 1953, in the seventh inning, Stephens became the only major league player to have three hits in the same inning.

Charles “Boss” Schmidt, who was born in Coal Hill (Johnson County), played six seasons as catcher for the Detroit Tigers. Starting in the World Series for the Tigers, Schmidt made several records of dubious value: in 1908 he committed five errors and allowed sixteen stolen bases, and he made the last out of the World Series in two consecutive years (1907 and 1908). None of these records has been broken.

Arkansas’s Only Major League Player/Manager
Only one baseball player born in Arkansas has ever played in and managed in the major leagues. Don Kessinger was such a talented infielder that his team, the Chicago Cubs, moved future Hall of Fame player Ernie Banks from the shortstop position to first base to make room for Kessinger. Kessinger, who was born in Forrest City (St. Francis County), played twelve seasons for the Cubs and three for the St. Louis Cardinals before he was signed by the Chicago White Sox in 1979. That year, he both played in and managed the team, leading them in forty-six wins and sixty losses until he was released by the White Sox on the last day of July. One of those losses was a forfeited game: the White Sox had scheduled a double-header against the Detroit Tigers for July 12 and announced that disco records would be burned on field between the games. “Disco Demolition Night,” as it was called, turned into a violent event that damaged the field and made it impossible for the second scheduled game to be played.

Rising Stars
In baseball, it is said, records are made to be broken. Baseball players from Arkansas continue to make news in the major leagues. After seven seasons with the Florida Marlins and three with the Toronto Blue Jays, Allan James (A. J.) Burnett joined the New York Yankees for the 2009 season. The North Little Rock native has won 110 games, including eighteen in 2008. Torii Hunter, born in Pine Bluff, played nine seasons for the Minnesota Twins before joining the California Angels in 2008. He has won eight gold gloves and was on the All Star team in 2002 and 2007. Pat Burrell, born in Eureka Springs (Carroll County), played nine seasons for the Philadelphia Phillies, including their 2008 World Series championship team; he then signed with the Tampa Bay Rays for the 2009 season. Cliff Lee had the best win-loss percentage in the major leagues in 2005 and then topped that season with a stellar season in 2008, in which he started the All Star game for the American League and was granted the Cy Young award at the end of the season. The Benton (Saline County) native played seven seasons for the Cleveland Indians, winning seventy-six games, including twenty-two in 2008. In 2009, he was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies, then started the 2010 season with Seattle before being traded to the Texas Rangers, who won their first American League pennant that year with his help. No one can predict the future of baseball, but Arkansas will surely continue to provide some of the talented players who keep the game alive.

Major League Baseball Players from Arkansas with more than 400 hits in their careers (as of December 1, 2011)

KEY:
S = seasons
G = games
AB = at bats
H = hits
2b = doubles
3b = triples
HR = home runs
R = runs scored
BI = runs batted in
AVG = batting average (hits/at bats)
OBP = on base percentage
SLG = slugging percentage
* = Still an active player
** = Leader in category

Major League baseball pitchers from Arkansas with at least twenty career wins (as of December 1, 2011)

KEY:
S = seasons
G = games
W = games won
L = games lost
% = percent of decisions won
GS = games started
CG = complete games pitched
SH = shut outs
SV = games saved
ERA = earned run average
* = Still an active player
** = Leader in category

For additional information:
Bailey, Jim. “1934 World Series belonged to Arkansas.” Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. October 24, 2006, p. 2C.

BaseballLibrary.com. http://www.baseballlibrary.com/homepage/ (accessed November 7, 2006).

Higgins, Billy D. The Barling Darling: Hal Smith in American Baseball. Little Rock: Butler Center Books, 2009.

Martinez, David H. The Book of Baseball Literacy. New York: Plume, 1996.

Mitchell, Fred. Cubs: Where Have You Gone? Champaign, IL: Sports Publishing, 2004.

National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/ (accessed November 7, 2006).

Palmer, Peter, and Gary Gillette, eds. The Baseball Encyclopedia. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2004.

“Players Born in Arkansas.” Baseball-Reference.com. http://www.baseball-reference.com/bio/AR_born.shtml (accessed November 7, 2006).

Swindell, Larry. “Arkansas’ 10 Best Baseball Players.” Arkansan, April 1979, pp. 32–39.

Steven Teske
North Little Rock, Arkansas